dijous, 11 de març del 2010

dijous, 25 de febrer del 2010

Anne Boleyn


When Anne Boleyn came to court, Henry's first wife, Catherine of Aragon, was popular in spite of not participating in politics or in the life of the court for some time. All sons by Henry had died young and the King was concerned about having a male heir to his throne in order to preserve the monarchy and prevent civil war.

Boleyn debuted at court in a masquerade ball in March 1522, where he conducted an elaborate dance accompanying the king's younger sister, several ladies of the court and her sister Mary (then, mistress of King ). A few weeks after this performance, Boleyn was known as the woman of fashion and most important of the court and referred to her as "the mirror of fashion" (glass of fashion).

At that time courting Henry Percy, son of the Earl of Northumberland, about 1522. The exact nature of their relationship is unclear. Many novels and film adaptations have idealized the story describing how the young lovers consummated their marriage. However, it is worth noting that it would be impossible to keep his engagement, if it had been accomplished and several of his biographers have suggested that Anne had seen too many reputations ruined to risk hers. A Catholic priest, George Cavendish, who had disliked her but was friendly with Henry Percy, later stated categorically that they had never been lovers. This appears unlikely that their relationship was sexual.

The idyll was broken in 1523 when Lord Henry's father refused to support the compromise. One theory is that the link was broken in secret, Cardinal Wolsey, Henry's chief minister, because King wanted to Anne for himself. It is impossible to know precisely if this was so, and historians are divided. The evidence, statements made by the sister of Anne, Mary and her husband, Sir William Carey, indicates that Henry was then involved in an affair with Mary Boleyn.

According to George Cavendish, Anne briefly sent the court a rural farm family, but no one knows for how long. When the court again assembled a coterie of friends and admirers and became famous for his ability to keep men away. The poet Sir Thomas Wyatt, wrote about it in the poem Whoso List to Hunt, which described it as unaffordable and headstrong, despite appearing to be demure and quiet. In 1525, Henry VIII fell in love with her and started chase.

the ipad


I think that ipad is an important innovation for world’s technology because is really slim and it can do a lot of things: Read books, see films, search some information, write something, send messages... And every things you can do with the ipad are with a touch screen. Ipad is really spectacular because in last times you couldn’t imagine it because the technology was not as advanced, and now you can see it is in your hands.
But not every things are good, for example, with it you don’t practice the scripture because there’s a keyboard.

dijous, 11 de febrer del 2010

TUDOR LONDON

Tudor London can be described as a prosperous, bustling city during the Tudor dynasty. In fact, the population increased from 75,000 inhabitants with Henry VII to 200,000 at the end of the 16th century.

The Tudor monarchs had a royal residence in London called Whitehall Palace and another in the countryside,called Hampton court , after Cardinal Wolsey gave it to Henry VIII.These Tudor kings and queens used what are now famous parks , such as Hyde Park or St. James's Park , as Royal Hunting forests.

Not many Tudor buildings survive today, mostly because of The Great Fire , which happened in 1666. Besides, , the 13 religious houses in London were __ converted for private use or pulled down for building materials____ after the Dissolution of the monasteries, which was Henry VIII's most decisive step against the power of the church in 1538. First the small, less powerful houses had their property confiscated and their buildings blighted (made unsuitable for use). They were followed the next year by the large houses.

Philosophical concepts of the power of the king over church may have played a part in Henry's decision to suppress the monasteries, but so did greed. The monasteries were rich, and a lot of that wealth found its way directly or indirectly to the royal treasury. Some of the monastery buildings were sold to wealthy gentry for use as country estates. Many others became sources of cheap building materials for local inhabitants. One of the results of the Dissolution of the Monasteries is that those who bought the old monastic lands were inclined to support Henry in his break with Rome, purely from self interest.

Apart from that, the theatres were banned from the city by the city authorities or guilds because plays wasted workmen's time ( so it wasn't for religious objection to the play's contents ). Then, they were built in the Southwark, where now a reconstruction of the Globe can be visited to learn about Tudor theatre.

At that time, London's financial rival was the city of Amsterdam, and to be able to compete with it , an international exchange was created in 1566.

(It was founded by the mercer Thomas Gresham in 1566 to enable London to compete for financial power with Amsterdam. This became the Royal Exchange in 1560, and is now housed in a massive Victorian building beside the Bank of England Museum in Mansion House Square.)

So, all in all, and because of many other events and facts, we can say that both London and England were powerful.

dijous, 28 de gener del 2010




Prince Henry
Henry Tudor, named after his father, Henry VII, was born by Elizabeth of York June 28, 1491 in Greenwich Palace. Since he was the second son, and not expected to become king, we know little of his childhood until the death of his older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales. We know that Henry attended the wedding celebrations of Arthur and his bride, Catherine of Aragon, in November 1501 when he was 10 years old.
Shortly after the wedding, Arthur and Catherine went to live in Wales, as was tradition for the heir to the throne. But, four months after the marriage began, it ended, with Arthur's death.
A treaty was signed that would allow Catherine to marry the next heir to the throne -- Prince Henry. Until then, Catherine's parents, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain would send over 100,000 crowns worth of plate and gold as a wedding gift and Henry would pay the agreed upon dowry.
It was deemed necessary for a papal dispensation to be issued allowing Henry to marry Catherine, as she was his dead brother's wife, and this marriage was prohibited in Leviticus. At the time, and throughout her life, Catherine denied that her marriage to Arthur had even been consummated (and given the boy's health, that is most likely the case) so no dispensation was needed. However, both the parties in Spain and England wanted to be sure of the legitimacy of the marriage, so permission from the pope was sought and received. This issue would be very important during the Divorce and the Break with Rome.
The marriage still did not take place however. Henry VII had been slow to pay his part of the arrangement and her parents were refusing to send the marriage portion of plate and gold. The stalemate continued until Henry VII died on April 22, 1509 and his son became Henry VIII.
Henry was just shy of 18 years old when he became king, and had been preparing for it from the time of his older brother Arthur's death. At this age, he was not the image that we usually call to mind when we hear the name Henry VIII. He was not the overweight and ill man of his later years. In his youth, he was handsome and athletic. He was tall and had a bright red-gold cap of hair and beard, a far cry from the fat, balding and unhealthy man that is often remembered
Henry's marital career is probably the thing that he is most known for. The story of Henry's wives is told on their own pages.
The Young King
Shortly after becoming king, Henry VIII took Catherine of Aragon as his bride on 11 June 1509. He inherited £1.5 million pounds from his father and succeeded in the first peaceful transition of power after the Wars of the Roses. Henry brought a youth and vigor to the Court that had long been lacking and Henry dreamed of glory beyond the hunt and joust.
Catherine of Aragon gave birth to their first child, a son named Henry after his father, in January 1511. The child died two months later, and was destined to be the first of many unhappy births the couple would suffer. Henry consoled himself by going to war against France, hoping to emulate his ancestors Edward III and Henry V.
Henry met with some success in France, but while he was distracted on the Continent, his Scottish brother-in-law James IV used the opportunity to attack. Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey led the English forces against James and defeated the Scots army at the Battle of Flodden Field. James was killed, leaving his infant son as the new king James V and Henry VIII's sister Margaret a widow.
By 1514, Thomas Wolsey had risen to power in Henry's court and was to eventually rival Henry himself in wealth and opulance. He built Hampton Court Palace, which he eventually "gave" to Henry as a gift as he began to fall from power in the 1520s.

dijous, 21 de gener del 2010

THE ELISABETHAN THEATRE
1. Whereabout in London were the Theatres located ? Why ?

In the " Liberties ", outside the City walls and on the south bank of the river , called Southwark.Because the City Council ( guilds) together with the Puritans did not approve of the playhouses.

The liberties "belonged" to the city yet fell outside the jurisdiction of the Lord Mayor, the sheriffs of London, and the Common Council. Therefore, they were areas over which the city had authority but, paradoxically, almost no control. Liberties existed inside the city walls as well--it was in them that the so-called private or hall playhouses were to be found--but they too stood "outside" the city's effective domain.

In 1575, when Shakespeare was only eleven, the City authorities imposed a Code of Practice upon the Players which so displeased them that they decided to withdraw outside the City boundaries. Thus it was that in the following year, 1576, the first custom-made London theatre, appropriately called 'The Theatre' was built in Finsbury Fields and the next year, 1577, The Curtain was built in the same area.

Theatre was viewed as a scandal and an outrage--a controversial phenomenon that religious and civic authorities strenuously sought to outlaw. In 1572, in fact, players were defined as vagabonds--criminals subject to arrest and whipping. Furthermore, "popular" drama, performed by professional acting companies for anyone who could afford the price of admission, was perceived as too vulgar in its appeal to be considered a form of art.

Yet the animus of civic and religious authorities was rarely directed toward other forms of popular recreation, such as bearbaiting or the sword-fighting displays that the populace could see in open-air amphitheatres similar in construction to The Theatre and the Globe. The city regularly singled out the playhouses and regularly petitioned the court for permission to shut them down--permission that was only granted temporarily, in times of plague, in part because Elizabeth I liked to see well-written and well-rehearsed plays at court during Christmas festivities but declined to pay for the development and maintenance of the requisite repertory companies herself.
Free or "at liberty" from manorial rule or obligations to the crown,

2. Name the most important theatres during Elizabethan times.

Fortune , Globe , Hope, Red Bull , Rose, Swan , Theatre & the
Whitefriars Theatre

3. Which was the first playhouse in London ? Who built it ?

The Theatre was the first public playhouse of London, located in the parish of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch. It was designed and built by James Burbage (the father of actor Richard Burbage).



4. When was it built ? When was it closed ?

The Theatre was a roofless, circular building with three galleries surrounding a yard. It opened in 1576, and several companies performed there, including Leicester's Men (1576-78), the Admiral's Men (1590-91), and Chamberlain's Men (1594-96), who were associated with William Shakespeare. The Theatre also housed fencing and athletic competitions. After the death of James Burbage in February 1597, the theatre's lease ended. In 1598 the building was dismantled, and Burbage's sons, Cuthbert and Richard, used its timbers to construct the first Globe Theatre.

5. Describe the particular shape of the theatres . Where did they take this shape from ?

The theatres were circular, open-air buildings, surrounded an open yard (like the Inn-Yards) with the stage at one end, jutting out into the audience to about half the depth of the theatre; the width was considerably more. Round three sides of the yard were three tiers of galleries where the wealthier or superior members of the audience sat; the rest of the audience stood in the open yard around the stage and (for obvious reasons) they were known as 'the Groundlings'.

The original Theatre was designed in a mix of traditions. Its name drew attention to the Roman theatre tradition. Its circular shape, though, reflected not the Roman D but the gatherings of crowds in town marketplaces, where all the players of 1576 got their training. Building a scaffold with three levels of galleries surrounding a circular yard copied the arrangement for audiences of existing bearbaiting and bullbaiting houses. The stage, a platform mounted in the yard, was the kind of thing that traveling companies set up in inn yards.

6. Who controlled the performances on behalf of the government?

The person who controlled the performances of plays on behalf of the government was the Master of Revels.In the 1590s this was a man called Edmund Tilney.

7. Why could the theatres be closed down ?

Playhouses could be closed for many reasons, among them outbreaks of the plague, sedition and immorality, which would certainly have included women appearing on stage.

8. Who played the parts of women on stage ? Why ?

Young men , as it was thought immoral for women to act in plays , even to attend the playhouses.

9. Did women attend the theatre?

Yes, women did attend the theatre although this was not formally approved of. In fact, every level of society went to the plays including apprentices, law students, craftsmen, pickpockets, ballad sellers, merchants and nobility.

Even legend says Queen Elizabeth attended the Globe secretly some times.

10. How much did it cost to stand in the yard ? And to sit in a gallery ? And to have a cushion ?And to sit in the lords’ room ?

It cost one penny to stand in the yard of the playhouse and a further penny for a seat in one of the covered galleries. A cushion to make watching the play more comfortable cost a further penny and a seat in the Lords' room cost approximately sixpence.

divendres, 18 de desembre del 2009

divendres, 20 de novembre del 2009

dijous, 19 de novembre del 2009

ROMEO AND JULIET-PART 1





Romeo: The only son of the Montague family
Juliet: The only daughter of the Capulet family
Prince Escalus: The governor of Verona
Tybalt: Juliet's cousin
:Romeo's friend
Count Paris:Juliet's fiancé
The Nurse:The woman who looked after Juliet
Benvolio:Romeo's friend and teacher, a priest
Abram and Balthasar: Romeo's servant
Friar Laurence:The friar who had to go to Mantua
An Apothecary:The queen of the fairies, of the dreams

JULIET:

Juliet Capulet is one of the title characters in William Shakespeare's tragedy Romeo and Juliet, the other being Romeo Montague. The story has a long history that precedes Shakespeare himself. The heroine's name was Giulietta in some earlier versions. It had become Juliet by the time Arthur Brooke wrote his narrative poem. Juliet is the beautiful daughter of a generous and very wealthy family in Verona, headed by Lord and Lady Capulet. She was their oldest child. She apparently had younger siblings at some point, but by the time of the play, she was their only surviving child. Juliet is the sole heir to the Capulets. As a child, she was cared for by her Nurse, who is now her confidante, or Juliet's caretaker. As the story occurs, Juliet is approaching her fourteenth birthday (her sixteenth in Arthur Brooke's poem). Shakespeare's Juliet was very young; her father states that she "hath not seen the change of fourteen years" (1.2.9). In many cultures and time periods, women did and do marry and bear children at such a young age. However, in Shakespeare's England, most women were at least 21 before they did so. Romeo and Juliet is a play about Italian families. The average English playgoer in Shakespeare's audience had never met an Italian person, and it was commonly thought that they were quite exotic, the Italian male passionate and emotional, and the Italian female precocious and quite ready to become a mother by thirteen. Lady Capulet had given birth to Juliet by the time she had reached Juliet's age: "By my count, I was your mother much upon these years that you are now a maid" (1.3.74-75). The play celebrates youth while pointing out its impulsiveness, passion, and idealism; qualities which contribute to the tragedy. The adolescent infatuation of the lovers becomes elevated to the status of sacred love. The sacred lovers were reunited on the same deathbed. Their families had both realized what they had done by separating the two unborn star crossed lovers. The Capulets and Montagues were reunited and their fighting discontinued.

ROMEO:

Romeo Montague is one of the fictional protagonists in William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet. He is the heir of the Montague family of Verona, and falls in love and dies with Juliet Capulet, the daughter of the Capulet house. In the beginning of the play, Romeo pines for an unrequited love, Rosaline. To cheer him up, his friends Benvolio and Mercutio take him to the Capulets' celebration — in disguise — where he meets and falls in love with the Capulets' only daughter, Juliet. Later that night, he and Juliet meet secretly and pledge to marry, despite their families' long-standing feud. They marry the following day, but their union is soon thrown into chaos by their families; Juliet's cousin Tybalt duels and kills Romeo's friend Mercutio, throwing Romeo into such a rage that he kills Tybalt, and the Prince of Verona subsequently banishes him. Meanwhile, Juliet's father plans to marry her off to Paris, a local aristocrat, within the next few days, threatening to turn her out on the streets if she doesn't follow through. Desperate, Juliet begs Romeo's confidant, Friar Laurence, to help her to escape the forced marriage. Laurence does so by giving her a potion that puts her in a death-like coma. The plan works, but too soon for Romeo to learn of it; He genuinely believes Juliet to be dead, and so resolves to commit suicide. Romeo's final words were "Thus with a kiss I die". He kills himself at Juliet's grave, moments before she awakes; she kills herself in turn shortly thereafter.

dijous, 5 de novembre del 2009




1.THIS IS THE CAPITAL OF BELGIUM
2.IT HAS GOT A GREAT MUSEUM OF SCIENCE
3.THE CITY BEGIN WITH B.
4.IT HAS GOT A BUILDING LIKE AN ATOM IN THE FORNT OF THE MUSEUM
5.IT HAS GOT A BIG PALACE IN THIS CITY

LEOPOLDO ABADIA EN BUENAFUENTE

FLY

-Easyjet
Barcelona(BCN)-> Londres Luton(LTN)
13-11-09
H: 14:15-15:40

Air Europe
Londres Gatwick(LGW)->Barcelona(BCN)
15-11-09
H: 14:10-16:10
137,87 €

- RyanairGirona->London Gatwick(LGW)
13-11-09
H:13:55-14:55
60 €

Londres Gatwick(LGW)->Girona
15-11-09
H:16:00-19:00
50 €

Ibiza (IBZ) -> valencia (VLC)
17-07-2010
H: 20:20-20:55
60€

dijous, 15 d’octubre del 2009

dijous, 8 d’octubre del 2009

PREGUNTES DE DEURES

1. What was the name of the company Shakespeare belonged to ?

Lord Chamberlain's Men ( Later The King's Men )

2. How many companies were licensed to perform in London ?

Only 2.

3. Why did Shakespeare's company build the Globe ?

Shakespeare's company only built the Globe because they could not use the special playhouse that their chief actor Richard Burbage's father had built for them in 1596, a roofed theatre inside the city, in Blackfriars.

James Burbage had a long history as a theatrical entrepreneur. In 1576 he built the first successful amphitheatre, known as The Theatre, in a London suburb. Twenty years later, when the lease on The Theatre's land was about to expire, he built the Blackfriars as its replacement. But the wealthy residents of Blackfriars got the government to block its use for plays, so his capital was locked up uselessly.

4. What did Shakespeare's company use to build the Globe ?

It was built by two brothers, Cuthbert and Richard Burbage, who inherited its predecessor, The Theatre, from their father, James

4. Who built the Globe ?

Half the shares in the new theatre were kept by the Burbages. The rest were assigned equally to Shakespeare and other members of the Chamberlain's Men (the company of players who acted there), of which Richard Burbage was principal actor and of which Shakespeare had been a leading member since late 1594.

It was the lack of money to pay for it that produced the new consortium. The Burbage sons' inheritance was tied up in the Blackfriars, so extra finance was needed. That was why Shakespeare and another four of his fellows were made co-owners of the new Globe.

6. When the Globe was built , there were two other theatres in Southwark already. Which ones ?

The Swan and The Rose

7. When was it built ?

It was probably completed by the autumn of 1599

8. How and when was it destroyed ?

In 1613, during a performance of Henry VIII, the thatch of the Globe was accidentally set alight by a cannon, set off to mark the King's entrance onstage in a scene at Cardinal Wolsey's palace. The entire theatre was destroyed within the hour.

9. When was it rebuilt ?

By June 1614 it had been rebuilt, this time with a tiled gallery roof and a circular shape.

10. When was it finally pulled down ? Why ?

It was pulled down in 1644, two years after the Puritans closed all theatres, to make way for